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    Rule 1 · Lesson 4

    Bitcoin is not to be ignored

    Monetary technology evolves, and standing still is costly.

    Most aspects of life are improved upon by new technology over time, and money is no exception. Throughout human history, the money we use has gone through several stages of development. Primitive money came in the form of objects like shells and glass beads, until coins made of precious metal were found to be more useful. To make money more portable, societies began to use paper certificates representing gold, before finally transitioning to paper and digital currencies backed by governments alone.

    Bitcoin represents a step change in monetary technology. Its unique properties give it several advantages over everything that came before it, which are the main drivers behind its growing adoption.

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    The evolution of money as technology

    How do different forms of money compare on properties that matter?

    Shells & Beads
    3000s BC – 1900s
    Gold
    ~700 BC – 1933
    Gold-backed Dollar
    1792 – 1971
    Debt-backed Dollar
    1971 – present
    Bitcoin
    2009 – present
    Altcoins
    ~2015 – present
    Supply Limit
    Can anyone make more?
    Durable
    Can it resist physical damage?
    Portable
    Can you move it easily?
    Verifiable
    Can it resist counterfeiting?
    Seizure Resistant
    Can it resist confiscation?
    Track Record
    How long has it worked?
    Reveal

    Ignoring transformative monetary technology has historically been costly. When precious metals began to replace shells and beads, those who were hesitant to make the switch discovered that the value of the shells and beads declined while demand for the new technology increased. Similarly, as the ways we interact with money begin to be disrupted by bitcoin, those who refuse to adapt may find themselves "riding a horse in a street full of automobiles."

    Bitcoin offers an alternative to many different aspects of the traditional financial system, from overarching monetary policy down to person-to-person micropayments. Understanding the areas bitcoin is likely to disrupt is worth the effort.

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    The disruptive upgrade

    Mapping the parts of the financial system affected by bitcoin.

    Traditional System
    Bitcoin
    Money Supply
    Central Banks Decide
    The Fed, European Central Bank, etc.
    More
    No limit on how much can be created
    A small committee meets eight times a year to decide how much money exists. The Federal Reserve's balance sheet grew from $0.9 trillion to $8.9 trillion between 2008 and 2022. There is no rule that prevents further expansion.
    Sources: Federal Reserve; CRS (2025)
    Sending Money Abroad
    A Chain of Middlemen
    SWIFT, Western Union, MoneyGram
    More
    1–5 days; average 6.5% in fees
    International transfers bounce between multiple banks, each adding fees and delay. The global average cost of sending $200 abroad is 6.5%. Using a bank, it's over 13%. Roughly $43 billion a year is lost to fees, mostly paid by people sending money home to their families.
    Sources: World Bank Remittance Prices Worldwide Q1 2025
    Settlement
    Slow, Layered, Expensive
    A web of systems most people never see
    More
    Hours to days, plus $25–50 fees
    Stock trades take a full business day to settle. Standard bank transfers take 2–3 days. Wires cost $25–50 and only work during business hours. Newer systems like FedNow (launched 2023) allow instant domestic transfers, but they're still closed networks that require permission to join and don't work across borders.
    Sources: Federal Reserve; NerdWallet (2025); SEC
    Holding Your Money
    Someone Else Holds It
    Bank of America, Chase, Wells Fargo
    More
    Your bank lends most of it out
    When you deposit money, the bank lends most of it to other people. If enough people ask for their money at once, the bank can run out. FDIC insurance covers up to $250,000 per depositor, but that protection depends on a government guarantee, and your account can still be frozen by a court or government agency. Between 2001 and 2023, 566 U.S. banks failed.
    Sources: FDIC; Federal Reserve
    Everyday Payments
    Card Networks
    Visa, Mastercard, Amex
    More
    Merchants pay 1.5–3.5% on every sale
    Every card payment passes through several companies, each taking a cut. The total cost to the merchant is 1.5–3.5% of each transaction. Customers don't see the fee, but it's baked into every price. In 2023, U.S. merchants paid an estimated $172 billion in card processing fees.
    Sources: Nilson Report (2023); Visa rate schedule; Zafin (2024)
    Financial Services
    You Need Permission
    Photo ID, address, minimums, branches
    More
    1.3 billion people have no access
    To open a bank account, you typically need a government ID, a fixed address, and sometimes a minimum deposit. If you live far from a bank branch, or don't have the right paperwork, you're out. According to the World Bank, 1.3 billion adults still have no financial account, yet 900 million of them have a phone.
    Sources: World Bank Global Findex 2025
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    Data from the Federal Reserve, World Bank, Nilson Report, and Visa rate schedules. This comparison covers what each system can do, not a claim that bitcoin currently handles equivalent volume.

    Bitcoin can improve your financial life — whether you are running a business and leaking profit to credit card companies, or regularly have to deal with wire transfers, or need to send money abroad, or want to save wealth for the long-term. Ignoring bitcoin is choosing to put yourself at a disadvantage.

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